Background: Limited data on the impacts of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) on patient vital functions are available. This study assessed the differential effects of OADs on glycemic control and hepatic and renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Cameroon.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 125 T2DM patients from Nkwen District Hospital, Bamenda (Cameroon). The patients’ socio-demographic characteristics and OADs were collected, while glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), liver enzymes, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed. Associations between antidiabetic therapies, socio-demographic variables, and biochemical markers were evaluated using multivariate regression.
Results: Metformin monotherapy demonstrated superior glycemic control (mean HbA1c; 8.20%) and better renal function (mean eGFR; 100.0 mL/min/1.73m2) compared to glibenclamide or combination therapy. Multivariate regression identified age and body mass index (BMI) as independent predictors of poor glycemic control (OR = 1.068, p < 0.021; OR = 1.105, p = 0.050), while exercise was a significant positive predictor of renal outcomes across all regimens (OR = 1.369, p < 0.005).
Conclusion: Age, BMI and lifestyle factors notably influenced treatment outcomes. In conclusion, metformin monotherapy displayed superior glycemic control and renoprotective effects while regular exercise was a significant protective factor for renal function across all regimens. These findings emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive adapted diabetes management strategies that integrate pharmacologic optimization in resource limited settings.
Keywords: Anti-diabetic drugs; biomarkers; body mass index; exercise; glycemic control; hepatic and renal function; type 2 diabetes.
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